My first thought is, I need to read this 5 more times. š¤
But hereās the first answer that comes to mind for your last question: Culture.
One way to look culture is that itās a kind of longitudinal, multivariate experiment to test what the most important things are in life.
While one person (Jack) May be very wrong about the right thing, and even large groups of people in a short time span may be very wrong (Nazis), one hope is that human culture as a whole eventually, over time, works out whatās right and wrong by collecting massive amounts of culture over huge timescales.
I guess this is sort of the idealistic vision behind Star Trekāāāour common human culture continues to progress and further narrow down the ethical āfacts.ā Theyāre not objective facts in the realist sense, but more empirical and experimentally derived facts that are constructed over huge amounts of time.
I donāt know, that could be total rubbish because Iām way out of my league with this stuff, but you asked š¬
Great post, btw Maarten!!